try-catch-finally

The finally block always executes after try and catch for guaranteed cleanup, except when System.exit() is called, the JVM crashes, Runtime.halt() is invoked, or an infinite loop prevents reaching it.

A throw or return in finally silently discards the try block's exception or return value, causing the real error to vanish completely and making debugging impossible.

A single try can have multiple catch blocks evaluated top-to-bottom, and specific exceptions must come before general ones because the first matching catch wins.

Multi-catch (Java 7) combines multiple unrelated exception types in one catch block using the pipe operator, with the caught variable being implicitly final.